Measuring prevention of bullying can be difficult. Over time, we can see if the number of incidents is decreasing, but determining if prevention efforts are working along the way remains a challenge. Recently, a team of bullying and violence prevention experts came together to figure out how best to measure change. After an exhaustive review of research, the Assessing Prevention and Implementing Change resource was developed by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). It contains two main tools developed for state health departments: the Bullying Prevention Capacity Assessment, and the Bullying Prevention Change Package and Driver Diagram. Schools, daycare providers, summer camp programs, youth sports, and other clubs and venues where youth convene can also use them to find meaningful strategies to promote empathy, civility, and inclusion to prevent bullying. Here is how the resources work.
评估预防能力
This resource looks at six areas of organizational capacity to determine how evidence-informed their bullying prevention efforts are. Organizations can use the tool, which guides them through a series of strategic ideas, to score their readiness for addressing activities that support bullying prevention. A lower score means a lower capacity for bullying prevention. These scores can point organizations to gaps in their prevention efforts. Once you have a score, the low scoring areas will be a good indicator of where to look for change concepts. The six areas include:
- 与学校、社区机构和组织合作
- 与其他州机构或组织合作
- 为预防措施的利益相关方提供培训或信息传播
- 确定和报告霸凌事件
- 确定、促进和实施用于防止霸凌的循证干预措施
- 为面临更高霸凌风险的群体识别和传播信息
对于首次进行评估的组织，此分数可作为基线并用于衡量随着时间推移的能力变化。如果能力逐年得到改善，就意味着预防措施更多地受到证据的推动，因此更有可能对霸凌行为产生影响。
运用以研究为基础的方法来影响变化
变化方案是一组基于证据的策略，组织可通过实施这些策略来改进规程或项目。本变化方案和驱动因素示意图（用于概述变化途径和达成方式的直观图表）在确定可实现变化的最强效方法之后进行创建。变化方案所包含的以证据为依据的循证策略已经展示出对霸凌和其他相关结果所产生的影响。实现变化的主要驱动因素与评估中的得分领域一致，从而让组织易于确定需要关注的重点。考虑采用该变化方案所述策略的组织可以评审选项，并确定哪些选项最适合其目标、资源和学校文化，然后按优先级排序并选择最佳组合为全年采取的所有措施提供支持。
除这些策略以外，还有用于获取更多关于方法、模型和有效实施信息的参考资源，以支持正在实施的预防措施。
Because bullying is a public health concern and can affect children psychologically, physically, academically, and socially, any organization working with children needs to understand how best to prevent bullying. Although the Maternal and Child Health Bureau in the Health Resources and Services Administration developed these resources primarily to support state health departments, these resources can be useful for other organizations.